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Note: Alias:<ALIA> Fulk V "Le /Jeune"/ REFN: 2163 Became King of Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1129 by marrying Queen Melisende Fulk of Jerusalem From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulk_of_Jerusalem Fulk V of Anjou (1089/1092 � November 13, 1143), also known as Fulk the Yo ung, and after 1131 as Fulk of Jerusalem, was Count of Anjou from 11 09 to 1129, and king of Jerusalem from 1131 to his death. Contents 1 Count of Anjou 2 Crusader and King 3 Securing the borders 4 Death 5 Family 6 Sources 7 Historical Fiction Count of Anjou Fulk was born between 1089 and 1092, the son of Count Fulk IV of Anjou a nd Bertrade de Montfort. In 1092, Bertrade deserted her husband and bigamo usly married King Philip I of France. He became count of Anjou upon his father's death in 1109, at the age of ap proximately 20. He was originally an opponent of King Henry I of England a nd a supporter of King Louis VI of France, but in 1127 he allied with Hen ry when Henry arranged for his daughter Matilda to marry Fulk's son Geoffr ey of Anjou. Fulk went on crusade in 1120, and become a close friend of t he Knights Templar. After his return he began to subsidize the Templars, a nd maintained two knights in the Holy Land for a year. Crusader and King By 1127 Fulk was preparing to return to Anjou when he received an embas sy from King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Baldwin II had no male heirs but h ad already designated his daughter Melisende to succeed him. Baldwin II wa nted to safeguard his daughter's inheritance by marrying her to a powerf ul lord. Fulk was a wealthy crusader and experienced military commander, a nd a widower. His experience in the field would prove invaluable in a fron tier state always in the grip of war. However, Fulk held out for better terms than mere consort of the Quee n; he wanted to be king alongside Melisende. Baldwin II, reflecting on Ful k's fortune and military exploits, acquiesced. Fulk abdicated his county s eat of Anjou to his son Geoffery and left for Jerusalem, where he marri ed Melisende on June 2, 1129. Later Baldwin II bolstered Melisende's posit ion in the kingdom by making her sole guardian of her son by Fulk, Baldw in III, born in 1130. Fulk and Melisende became joint rulers of Jerusalem in 1131 with Baldwin I I's death. From the start Fulk assumed sole control of the government, exc luding Melisende altogether. He favored fellow countrymen from Anjou to t he native nobility. The other crusader states to the north feared that Fu lk would attempt to impose the suzerainty of Jerusalem over them, as Baldw in II had done; but as Fulk was far less powerful than his deceased father -in-law, the northern states rejected his authority. Melisende's sister Al ice of Antioch, exiled from the Principality by Baldwin II, took contr ol of Antioch once more after the death of her father. She allied with Po ns of Tripoli and Joscelin II of Edessa to prevent Fulk from marching nor th in 1132; Fulk and Pons fought a brief battle before peace was made a nd Alice was exiled again. In Jerusalem as well, Fulk was resented by the second generation of Jerusa lem Christians who had grown up there since the First Crusade. These "nati ves" focused on Melisende's cousin, the popular Hugh II of Le Puiset, cou nt of Jaffa, who was devotedly loyal to the Queen. Fulk saw Hugh as a riva l, and it did not help matters when Hugh's own step-son accused him of dis loyalty. In 1134, in order to expose Hugh, Fulk accused him of infideli ty with Melisende. Hugh rebelled in protest. Hugh secured himself to Jaff a, and allied himself with the Muslims of Ascalon. He was able to defeat t he army set against him by Fulk, but this situation could not hold. The Pa triarch interceded in the conflict, perhaps at the behest of Melisende. Fu lk agreed to peace and Hugh was exiled from the kingdom for three year s, a lenient sentence. However, an assassination attempt was made against Hugh. Fulk, or his supp orters, were commonly believed responsible, though direct proof never surf aced. The scandal was all that was needed for the queen's party to take ov er the government in what amounted to a palace coup. Author and histori an Bernard Hamilton wrote that the Fulk's supporters "went in terror of th eir lives" in the palace. Contemporary author and historian William of Ty re wrote of Fulk "he never attempted to take the initiative, even in trivi al matters, without (Melisende's) consent". The result was that Melisen de held direct and unquestioned control over the government from 1136 onwa rds. Sometime before 1136 Fulk reconciled with his wife, and a second so n, Amalric was born. Securing the borders Jerusalem's northern border was of great concern. Fulk had been appoint ed regent of the Principality of Antioch by Baldwin II. As regent he had R aymund of Poitou marry the infant Constance of Antioch, daughter of Bohemu nd II and Alice of Antioch, and niece to Melisende. However, the greate st concern during Fulk's reign was the rise of Atabeg Zengi of Mosul. In 1137 Fulk was defeated in battle near Barin but allied with Mu'in ad-D in Unur, the vizier of Damascus. Damascus was also threatened by Zengi. Fu lk captured the fort of Banias, to the north of Lake Tiberias and thus sec ured the northern frontier. Fulk also strengthened the kingdom's southern border. His butler Paganus b uilt the fortress of Kerak to the south of the Dead Sea, and to help gi ve the kingdom access to the Red Sea, Fulk had Blanche Garde, Ibelin, a nd other forts built in the south-west to overpower the Egyptian fortre ss at Ascalon. In 1137 and 1142, Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus arrived in Syria atte mpting to impose Byzantine control over the crusader states. John's arriv al was ignored by Fulk, who declined an invitation to meet the emper or in Jerusalem. Death In 1143, while the king and queen were on holiday in Acre, Fulk was kill ed in a hunting accident. His horse stumbled, fell, and Fulk's skull was c rushed by the saddle. He was carried back to Acre, where he died and was b uried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Though their marriage start ed in conflict, Melisende mourned for him privately as well as publicly. F ulk was survived by his son Geoffrey of Anjou by his first wife, and Baldw in III and Amalric I by Melisende. According to William of Tyre, Fulk was "a ruddy man, like David... faithf ul and gentle, affable and kind... an experienced warrior full of patien ce and wisdom in military affairs." His chief fault was an inability to re member names and faces. William of Tyre described Fulk as a capable soldier and able politician, b ut observed that Fulk did not adequately attend to the defense of the crus ader states to the north. Ibn al-Qalanisi (who calls him al-Kund Anju r, an Arabic rendering of "Count of Anjou") says that "he was not sou nd in his judgment nor was he successful in his administration." The Zengi ds continued their march on the crusader states, culminating in the fa ll of the County of Edessa in 1144, which led to the Second Crusade (see S iege of Edessa). Family In 1110, Fulk married Ermengarde of Maine (died 1126), the daughter of Eli as I of Maine. Their four children were: Geoffrey of Anjou Sibylla of Anjou (1112�1165, Bethlehem), married in 1123 William Clito (di v. 1124), married in 1134 Thierry, Count of Flanders Alice (or Isabella) (1107�1154, Fontevrault), married William Adelin; aft er his death in the White Ship she became a nun and later Abbess of Fontev rault. Elias II of Maine (died 1151) His second wife was Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem Baldwin III of Jerusalem Amalric I of Jerusalem Sources Orderic Vitalis Robert of Torigny William of Tyre Medieval Women, edited by Derek Baker, the Ecclesiastical History Societ y, 1978 Payne, Robert. The Dream and the Tomb, 1984 The Damascus Chronicle of Crusades, trans. H.A.R. Gibb, 1932 For a listing of web sites that have the genealogy of family lines of roy al houses, many noble houses and more, go to the entry "INFORMATION, Roy al Houses family lines web sites" in this file. OR "FOULQUES"; KNOWN AS "THE YOUNG"; COUNT OF ANJOU; KING OF THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM 1131 TITLE: Count of ANJOU BURIAL: Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, HOLY LAND NICK: "Le Jeune" ("The Youthful") CHILDREN: 1. Geoffrey V "le Bon" Plantagenet, Count OF NANTES b: 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou,France 2. Mathilde D'ANJOU b: Abt 1104 in Angers,Maine-Et-Loire,France 3. Sibilla D'ANJOU b: Abt 1105 in Anjou,France 4. Elias D'ANJOU b: Abt 1111 in Anjou,France 5. Sibilla D'ANJOU b: 1105 in Anjou, France BIBLIOGRAPHY: Moriarty, G Andrews, Plantagenet Ancestry of King Edward III And Queen Philippa. Salt Lake: Mormon Pioneer Genealogical Society, 1985. LDS Film#0441438. nypl#ARF-86-2555. Paget, Gerald, The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales. London: Charles Skilton Ltd, 1977. Nypl ARF+ 78-835. Redlich, Marcellus Donald R Von, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. Order of the Crown of Charlemagne, 1941. Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Hauser der Ubrigen Staaten Europas. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984. Schwennicke, Detlev, ed., Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten, New Series. III.4 (#601-#820): Das Feudale Frankreich und sein Einfluss auf die Welt des Mittelalters. Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1989. Sheppard, Walter Lee, Royal Bye-Blows: The Illegitimate Children of the English Kings from William I to Edward III, in NEHGR v119 (Apr 1965) pp94-102. Stewart, Peter, Re: HP - New Henry Project Pages. Posting to soc.genealogy.medieval (email list GEN-MEDIEVAL) on 7/13/2005-094850. Subject: Re: HP - New Henry Project Pages. Available at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/2005-07/1121248130. Author address: p_m_stewart at msn dot com. Tapsell, R. F., Monarchs, Rulers, Dynasties and Kingdoms of the World. New York: Facts on File Publications, 1983. Watney, Vernon James, The Wallop Family and their Ancestry, Oxford:John Johnson, 1928. LDS Film#1696491 items 6-9. Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, David Faris, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who came to America before 1700, 7th Edition, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co, 1992. RESEARCH NOTES: Count of Anjou [Ref: Weis AR7 #118] 1106-1129: Count of Anjou [Ref: Tapsell Dynasties p204] King of Jerusalem [Ref: Weis AR7 #118] 1131: King of Jerusalem [Ref: Tapsell Dynasties p204] William of Tyre is cited for the date given of 13 November, without mentioning that in the second reference he actually gave 10 November instead. It's difficult to tell which was meant, that is whether a word was omitted once or added the other time: the first statement is "quarta demum die, Idibus videlicet Novembris" (at last on the fourth day, that is 13th November) while the second is "Defuncto...quarto Idus Novembris" (dead on the 10th November). Either way, William of Tyre placed the event in November 1142 but stated that this occurred in the 11th year of Fulk's reign as king of Jerusalem that ended before then, on 13 September 1142. For the date, 10 November seems more probable since the parallel date (IV Ides) is given in obituaries of Saint-Serge at Angers, Fontevrault and Saint-Germain des Pr�es abbeys - however, the last places it in October instead of November. For the year, we have conflicting evidence. A charter of Fulk's son Geoffrey ostensibly dated February 1141 refers to his father "of blessed memory". The last monastic chronicle cited on the page is confused, as set out by Stewart, but there is some further consistency in reporting the death two years early as the same is done for Innocent II, as noted, and also for Celestin II (1142 instead of 1144) and for Lucius II (1143 for 1145). 1144 as in ES is very probably wrong. Pope Lucius II referred to Fulk as deceased in a document dated 14 September 1144; Pope Celestin II however had thought that he was still alive on 10 January of the same year. This might only indicate very slow progress of the news to Rome, taking over two months from 10 November 1143, or is possibly an error. The last reference to his reign in Jerusalem is a dating "regnante rege Fulcone" on 4 October 1143. In view of this evidence, there can't be absolute certianty but 10 November 1143 seems the most likely to be correct. [Ref: Peter Stewart SGM 7/13/2005-094850] ENCYCLOP�DIA BRITANNICA , Vol. 9, Page 909 FULK (1092-1143), king of Jerusalem, was the son of Fulk IV, count and Anjou and his wife Bertrada (who ultimately deserted her husband and became the mistress of Philip I of France). He became count of Anjou in 1109. Within his country he was active in asserting and recovering his powers over his vassals; outside it he played a part in the conflicts between Henry I of England and Louis VI of France, supporting each of them in turn. But his ties with Henry became closer when his son Geoffrey Plantagenet married Henry's daughter Matilda. Already in 1120 Fulk had visited the Holy Land and become a close friend of the Templars. On his return he assigned to the order of the Templars an annual subsidy, while he also maintained two knights in the Holy Land for a year. In 1128 he was preparing to return to the east, when he received an embassy from Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, who had no male heir to succeed him, offering his daughter Melisinda in marriage with the right of eventual succession to the kingdom. Fulk accepted the offer; and in 1129 he was married to Melisinda, receiving the towns of Acre and Tyre as her dower. In 1131 he became king of Jerusalem. His reign was not marked by an considerable events. The kingdom, which had reached its zenith under Baldwin II, was quietly prosperous under Fulk's rule. In the beginning of his reign he had to act as regent of Antioch and to provide a husband, Raymund of Potion, to the infant heiress Constance. But the great problem with which he had to deal was the process of the atabeg Zengi of Mosul. In 1137 he was beaten near Barin and, escaping into the fort, was surrounded and forced to capitulate. A little later, however, he greatly improved his position by strengthening his alliance with the vizier of Damascus, who also feared the progress of Zengi (1140); and in this way he was able to capture the fort of Banias, to the north of Lake Tiberias. Like his predecessors in Anjou, Fulk was a great builder of castles. In southern Palestine he constructed Ibelin, Blanche Garde and Gibelin as a means of checking the Mohammedan garrison of Askalon. Belvoir was founded to survey the Jordan valley south of the sea of Galilee, while in Trans-Jordan, Kerak was fortified by a royal vassal. Twice in Fulk's reign the eastern emperor, John Comnenus, appeared in northern Syria (1137 and 1142); but his coming did not affect the king, who was able to decline politely a visit which the emperor proposed to make. Fulk died in 1143 leaving two sons who both became kings and reigned as Baldwin III and Amalric I. Ful continued the tradition of good statesmanship and sound churchmanship which Baldwin I and Baldwin II had begun. Unfortunately, he was unable to head a combined resistance to the rising power of Zengi of Mosul. Hull University, Royal Genealogy on Line: The name Plantagenet, according to Rapin, came from when Fulk the Great being stung from remorse for some wicked action, in order to atone for it, went a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and was scourged before the Holy Sepulchre with broom twigs. Earlier authorities say it was because Geoffrey bore a branch of yellow broom (Planta-genistae) in his helm. Maloney, Hendrick & Others - J. H. Maloney
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